Jurnal Akuntansi Aktual

The Determinants of Audit Delay with Profitability as a Moderating Variable in State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

2026-01-07T03:25:23+00:00

Purpose: This study purpose to analyzes the effects of leverage, audit committee size, audit opinion, and auditor reputation on audit delay, with profitability as a moderating variable

Method: The method of this study uses quantitative research with explanatory method. The sample consists of 29 SOEs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2022–2024, resulting in 87 firm-year observations. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple linear regression to examine the direct effects of the independent variables on audit delay, followed by Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the moderating role of profitability.

Findings: The findings of this research, indicate that leverage does not have a significant effect on audit delay, suggesting that debt-related risk does not necessarily prolong audit completion in SOEs. In contrast, audit committee size and auditor reputation have a positive and significant effect on audit delay, reflecting increased monitoring intensity and audit rigor. Furthermore, profitability strengthens the positive relationship between these governance and audit-quality factors and audit delay, but does not moderate the leverage–audit delay relationship.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by integrating agency and signaling theories in the context of SOEs, highlighting the trade-off between audit quality and reporting timeliness. It provides critical insights for policymakers and SOE management in balancing accountability with efficiency in financial reporting.

The Effect of Annual Report Complexity on Market Reaction: An Analysis Using ChatGPT

2025-11-03T05:52:57+00:00

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of annual report complexity on market reactions.

Method: The sample consists of 587 annual reports from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2023. The complexity scores, which become the independent variable, were assessed from Management Discussion and Analysis section using pre-trained ChatGPT-4. For the dependent variable, we used the market model to identify abnormal returns. Finally, regression was performed to investigate the impact of complexity on the abnormal returns.

Findings: We found that the complexity has a positive impact on the abnormal returns. This indicates that more complex annual reports are associated with an increase in abnormal returns, and managers utilized strategic narratives and complex report structures to shape positive perceptions of the company.

Originality/Value: To the researchers' knowledge, no previous research has explored the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT in conducting textual analysis of annual reports of in Indonesia. The findings also demonstrate how AI-based tools can enhance capital market text analytics and support financial disclosure analysis in emerging markets.

How are Sustainability Disclosures by Smart Cities, Symbolic or Substantive?

2026-04-16T01:05:53+00:00

Purpose: This study aims to understand the themes of sustainability disclosure by smart cities in Indonesia through the lens of legitimacy theory.

Method: We analyzed 199 sustainability disclosure narratives and visuals from 24 smart cities in Indonesia using content analysis. Meanwhile, legitimacy theory was used as an analytical tool to identify substantive and symbolic disclosures.

Findings: Sustainability disclosures by smart cities are dominated by reports on environmental programs and commitments. Meanwhile, sustainability disclosures are mostly substantive (69%) rather than symbolic (31%).

Originality/Value: This study provides new insights into sustainability disclosure in the context of smart cities in Indonesia, using textual and visual sources and the lens of legitimacy theory.