The Role of Spiritual Leadership in Enhancing Quality of Work Life, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment among Lecturers at Islamic Private Universities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um003v11212025p137Keywords:
Higher Education, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Quality of Work Life, Spiritual LeadershipAbstract
This study examines the moderating role of spiritual leadership in the relationship between quality of work life, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among lecturers at Islamic private universities in Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using survey data collected from 323 permanent lecturers. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that quality of work life and spiritual leadership significantly influence organizational commitment among lecturer at Islamic private universities in Indonesia. Moreover, spiritual leadership strengthens the relationships between quality of work life and organizational commitment as well as between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, although spiritual leadership does not directly affect organizational commitment. These results suggest that spiritual leadership enhances organizational commitment indirectly by reinforcing supportive work conditions and positive job-related attitudes. This study contributes to the literature on spiritual leadership by clarifying its contextual role in higher education institutions with strong spiritual and ethical values.References
Abebe, A., & Assemie, A. (2023). Quality of work life and organizational commitment of the academic staff in Ethiopian universities. Heliyon, 9(4), e15139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15139
Al-Shawabkeh, K. M., & Hijjawi, G. S. (2018). Impact of quality of work-life (QWL) on organizational performance: An empirical study in the private Jordanian Universities. Asian Social Science, 14(6), 145. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n6p145
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74–94.
Baruch-Feldman, C. (2002). Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.1.84
Binu Raj, A., Ambreesh, P., Tripathi, N. N., & Ambreesh Kumar, A. (2023). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction among teachers: Influence of well-being and spiritual leadership. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(6), 1303–1322. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-2023-0110
Camilleri, V. (2024). Chapter 11 - Perspectives on the ethics of a VR-based empathy experience for educators. In S. Caballé, J. Casas-Roma, & J. B. T.-E. in O. A. S. Conesa (Eds.), Intelligent Data-Centric Systems (pp. 211–228). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18851-0.00020-2
Çetinkaya, F., & Karabulut, N. (2016). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Visual Analog Sleep Scale. Kontakt, 18(2), e84–e89.
Chakraborty, A. R., & Mansor, N. N. A. (2013). Adoption of human resource information system: A theoretical analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.051
Chan, S. C. H. (2019). Participative leadership and job satisfaction: The mediating role of work engagement and the moderating role of fun experienced at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(3), 319–333.
Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189–217.
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Dapu, V. A. W. (2015). The influence of work discipline, leadership, and motivation on employee performance at PT. Trakindo Utama Manado. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(3), 352–361.
Djaelani, A. K., Sanusi, A., & Triatmanto, B. (2021). Spiritual leadership, job Satisfaction, and its effect on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Management Science Letters, 11(3), 3907–3914.
Egel, E., & Fry, L. W. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for Islamic leadership. Public Integrity, 19(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200411
Ehido, A., Halim, B. A., & Awang, Z. (2019). The influence of quality of work life (QWL) and organizational commitment on job performance among academics in the Malaysian public universities. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 5(5), 71–76.
Eyupoglu, S. Z., & Saner, T. (2009). The relationship between job satisfaction and academic rank: a study of academicians in Northern Cyprus. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 686–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.120
Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981a). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981b). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Sage publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835-862.
Gazioglu, S. (2006). Job satisfaction in Britain: Individual and job related factors. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1163–1171.
Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1), 101–107.
Gesinde, A. . M., & Adejumo, G. . O. (2012). Effects of age and work experience on job satisfaction of primary school teachers: Implications for career counseling. Asian Economic and Social Society Effects, 7(June), 1–25.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Konsep, teknik, aplikasi menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 Untuk Penelitian Empiris. BP Undip. Semarang.
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214.
Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2005). Side-bets and reciprocity as determinants of organizational commitment among correctional officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(6), 611–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2005.08.010
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Babin, B. J., & Black, W. C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2012). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: a review of past practices and recommendations for future applications. Long Range Planning, 45(5–6), 320–340.
Hassona, M. F., Albaqawi, H., & Laput, V. (2021). Effect of Saudi nurses’ perceived work-life quality on work engagement and organizational commitment. Int J Adv Appl Sci, 8, 79–87.
Hauff, S., Richter, N. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). Importance and performance in PLS-SEM and NCA: Introducing the combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103723
Henseler, J., & Fassott, G. (2010). Testing moderating effects in PLS path models: An illustration of available procedures. Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications, 713–735.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277–319). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hunsaker, W. D., & Jeong, W. (2023). Spiritual leadership and work-life balance. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 20(1), 27–52.
Joana Carolina, C.-V., Gabriela, R.-G., & Ismael, M.-C. (2024). Effect of the economic, social and technological factors on sustainable entrepreneurship over time. Journal of Business Research, 173, 114457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114457
Jufrizen, J. (2018). The effect of organizational culture and islamic work ethic on permanent lecturers’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work performance. Center for Open Science.
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS‐SEM: The inverse square root and gamma‐exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261.
Lok, P. (2001). Antecedents of organizational commitment and the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(8), 594–613. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006302
Manel, D. R., Bani, I., & Hidayat, F. (2023). Analyzing the effect of organizational commitment, spiritual motivation and spiritual leadership on employee performance through job satisfaction. International Journal of Finance, Economics and Business, 2(1), 34–43.
McDonald, R. P. (1996). Path analysis with composite variables. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 31(2), 239–270.
Mirkamali, S. M., & Thani, F. N. (2011). A study on the quality of work life (QWL) among faculty members of University of Tehran(UT) and Sharif university of technology (SUT). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.223
Molefe, G. N. (2010). Performance measurement dimensions for lecturers at selected universities: An international perspective. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v8i1.243
Muntazeri, S., Indrayanto, A., & Kayode, B. K. (2018). The impact of education, training and work experience on job satisfaction and job performance. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen dan Ekonomi, 20(2), 50–69.
Nayak, T., & Sahoo, C. K. (2015). Quality of work life and organizational performance: the mediating role of employee commitment. Journal of Health Management, 17(3), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063415589236
Pio, R. J., & Tampi, J. R. E. (2018). The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 757–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0028
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
Rigdon, E. E., Schumacker, R. E., & Wothke, W. (2017). A comparative review of interaction and nonlinear modeling. Interaction and Nonlinear Effects in Structural Equation Modeling, 1–16.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Boenningstedt. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), 32–49.
Robina‐Ramírez, R., Torrecilla‐Pinero, J., Leal‐Solís, A., & Pavón‐Pérez, J. A. (2024). Tourism as a driver of economic and social development in underdeveloped regions. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 16(1), 12639. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12639
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Thiele, K. O., & Gudergan, S. P. (2016). Estimation issues with PLS and CBSEM: Where the bias lies! Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 3998–4010.
Seema, Choudhary, V., & Saini, G. (2021). Effect of job satisfaction on moonlighting intentions: mediating effect of organizational commitment. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100137
Shagholi, R., Zabihi, M. R., Atefi, M., & Moayedi, F. (2011). The consequences of organizational commitment in education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 246–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.081
Sharma, N., & Fatima, J. K. (2024). Influence of perceived value on omnichannel usage: Mediating and moderating roles of the omnichannel shopping habit. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77, 103627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103627
Shomotova, A., Karabchuk, T., & Ibrahim, A. (2024). Leadership potential and self-perceived employability of undergraduate students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7, 100335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100335
Sinurat, S. N. (2022). Effect of quality of work life, job satisfaction, and leadership style on organizational commitment on employees of PT. Tunas Jaya Cipta Medan. Journal of Agriculture, 1(02), 80–89.
Sudiarditha, I. K. R., Susita, D., & Kartini, T. M. (2019). Compensation and work discipline on employee performance with job satisfaction as intervening. Trikonomika, 18(2), 80–87.
Suryadi, N. (2023). Spiritual leadership and commitment organizational with the mediation work satisfaction among islamic teachers. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 3(4), 1275–1284.
Yang, F., Liu, J., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Feeling energized: A multilevel model of spiritual leadership, leader integrity, relational energy, and job performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), 983–997.
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and attitudes toward organizational change: A study in the local government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Yuliandi, & Tahir, R. (2019). Work discipline, competence, empowerment, job satisfaction, and employee performance. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3), 7209–7215. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.C6221.098319
Yuliaty, F. (2021). Quality of work life, kaizen culture, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: quality of work life, kaizen culture, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Jurnal Khazanah Intelektual, 5(3), 1251–1268.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilham Ilham, St. Sukmawati, Andi Tenri Olle, Murad Lahadji

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



